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Gerald Jay (Jerry) Fishman (10 Feb. 1943) is a research astrophysicist, specializing in gamma-ray astronomy. His research interests also include space and nuclear instrumentation and radiation in space. A native of St. Louis, Missouri, Fishman obtained a B.S. with Honors degree in Physics from the University of Missouri in 1965, followed by M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Space Science from Rice University in 1968 and 1970, respectively. ==Career== While in graduate school at Rice University in Houston, Texas, Fishman served as a Research Assistant/Research Associate in the Space Science Department. He was involved in balloon-borne observations of high-energy radiation from space, and the research group was the first to detect gamma-rays originating from the Crab Nebula.〔Haymes, R. C.; Ellis, D. V.; Fishman, G. J.; Kurfess, J. D.; Tucker, W. H.; “Observation of Gamma Radiation from the Crab Nebula,” ''Astrophysical Journal'', vol. 151, p.L9, Jan, 1968〕 Further observations showed that a large fraction of this radiation was from the pulsar in this nebula.〔Fishman, G. J.; Harnden, F. R., Jr.; Haymes, R. C.; “Observation of Pulsed Hard X-Radiation from NP 0532 from 1967 Data,” ''Astrophysical Journal'', vol. 156, p.L107, June 1969〕 In 1969, Fishman began his professional career as a Senior Scientist working on aerospace projects at the Research Laboratories of Teledyne Brown Engineering in Huntsville, Alabama. This research operation had been instigated by Milton K. Cummings, for whom the Cummings Research Park, the second largest in America, was named. Fishman joined NASA at the Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville as a Research Scientist in 1974. From the start, he worked in high-energy astrophysics, and his interest soon centered on gamma-ray astronomy. Gamma-rays are generated by celestial events including supernova explosions, creation of black holes, destruction of positrons, and radioactive decay of the atomic nucleus of matter in space. Therefore, the detection and analysis of gamma-rays provide an insight on the fundamental nature of the universe. During 1978-79, Fishman took an assignment with NASA Headquarters as a Staff Scientist in the Astrophysics Division of the Office of Space Science. Upon returning to MSFC, he continued his work in gamma-ray astronomy. He was the Principal Investigator of the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE)〔”Burst and Transient Source Experiment, NASA”; http://www.batse.msfc.nasa.gov/batse/〕 on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO). This observatory was the second (after Hubble) of NASA’s four Great Observatories in space.〔”NASA’s Great Observatories”; http://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/postsecondary/features/F_NASA_Great_Observatories_PS.html〕 After14 years in development, CGRO was launched by the Space Shuttle Atlantis in April 1991 (STS-37). When one of the gyroscopes on CGRO failed, NASA decided that a controlled crash into the Pacific Ocean was preferable to letting the craft come down on its own at random; it was then intentionally de-orbited in June 2000. The primary objective of the BATSE experiment was the study of gamma-ray bursts. The BATSE experiment also serendipitously discovered terrestrial gamma-ray flashes above thunderstorms.〔Fishman, G. J., ''et al''; “Discovery of Intense Flashes of Gamma Rays of Atmospheric Origin”, ''Science'', vol. 264, pp. 1313-1316, 27 May 1994〕 The Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Team at the National Space Science and Technology Center in Huntsville continues to examine date from BATSE.〔"The Gamma-Ray Astronomy Team Home Page”; http://www.batse.msfc.nasa.gov/〕 Fishman is currently a Co-Investigator of the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, launched in 2008. The 2011 Shaw Prize – commonly called the Asian Nobel Prize – was shared by Fishman and Italian astronomer Enrico Costa for their gamma-ray research.〔Roop, Lee; "Gamma rays lead to glory," ''The Huntsville Times'', June 16, 2011, p. 1〕〔“Rice alum at NASA shares $1 million science prize,” Rice Univ. News 6/10/2011; http://www.media.rice.edu/media/NewsBot.asp?MODE=VIEW&ID=15869〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gerald J. Fishman」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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